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Strasbourg-Cronenbourg French national war cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Strasbourg-Cronenbourg. © ECPAD

 

The French war cemetery of Strasbourg-Cronenbourg brings together the bodies of 5,462 soldiers or civilians of various nationalities, who died conflicts throughout the 20th Century. Created by Germany in 1872 as a garrison cemetery, 2,397 Frenchmen are buried there alongside 2,866 Germans and 299 allies.

 

Pour accéder au panneau d'information 1 de la nécropole, cliquer ici vignette_1_Strasbourg-Cronenbourg

 

From the First World War, there are 1,834 Germans, 388 French, 149 Russians, fifteen British, thirteen Austro-Hungarians and five Serbians buried there.

 

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From the Second World War, 2,008 French, 1,032 Germans, eight Yugoslavians, seven British, five Polish, five Australians, two New-Zealanders, one Canadian, one Dutch and one Armenian. Among them are buried the remains of the remains of some women, civilian victims or military nurses, and two children who died during World War II; Monique Ferret, born and died in May 1945 in captivity at Innsbruck (Square C, row 6, grave 6) and Jacques Budios killed during a bombardment along with his mother in August 1944 (Square C, row 2, grave 19).

 

In addition, the remains of two servicemen who died in Indochina are at Strasbourg Cronenbourg: Johann Jury, of the 13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion, who died 15 January 1953 at Cau Xa in Tonkin (square D, row 11, grave 19) and Helmut Kraska, of the 2nd Foreign Regiment, who died in Nam Dinh (Tonkin) on 7 October 1953 (square C, row 1A, grave 15). More recently, there was a sapper parachutist of the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment, a native of Strasbourg, Michel Lung-Hoi, who died on 4 September 1986 in Jwayya, Lebanon.

 

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Strasbourg

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Eléments remarquables

Monument aux morts 1914-1918 - Tombe de l'aumônier de la 2e DB, le révérend père Houchet mort pour la France le 23 novembre 1944

The Haguenau national cemetery

La nécropole nationale d’Haguenau. © ECPAD

 

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A former garrison cemetery created in 1896 by the German army, the Haguenau national cemetery holds the bodies of soldiers who died during the three conflicts that opposed France and Germany on Alsatian soil. It was then successively developed from 1914 to 1919 and then during the 1930s in order to bring together the bodies exhumed from the military cemeteries of the Haguenau-Brumath region, La Petite-Pierre, Haguenau-Brumath and the Woerth region. From 1955 onwards, they were joined by bodies exhumed in the Bas-Rhin, then in 1976 those of Soviet prisoners initially buried in Alsace.

It includes ten graves of soldiers who died during the war of 1870-1871. As a result of the First World War, next to the 91 French soldiers lie 475 Romanians, 122 Russians and one Briton. As a result of the Second World War, 536 Soviets including 493 in ossuaries, 358 Frenchmen, a Pole and a Belgian are buried there, as well as seven British pilots who died during the night of 24-25 April 1944 when their bomber crashed over Soufflenheim. A commemorative plaque was unveiled in this village in May 2014.

Nearby, a German military plot containing 188 graves was also created.

 

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Haguenau
Au nord de Strasbourg

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Weiler Wissembourg French national war cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Weiler. © ECPAD

 

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The French war cemetery of Weiler at Wissembourg gathers together the remains of soldiers who died for France while in captivity during the occupation of the Vosges between 1914 and 1918. Established by the German army, on the initiative of the Mayor of Wissembourg, for burying the remains of Russian and French prisoners of war held at the Wissembourg camp, it was enlarged in 1924 to hold the bodies of thirty French soldiers who also died in captivity in Villé. Many are infantrymen and Spahis. In 2010, this commemorative site was recognised as a national war cemetery where in total the remains of 221 Russian prisoners, including 42 placed in ossuaries, nine Italians placed in an ossuary, and thirty Frenchmen were laid to rest. Alongside the prisoners of the Great War, three Polish prisoners captured during World War II are also buried here, one of them an unknown soldier.

During the war, 3.4 million Russian soldiers were captured, of which 1.5 million were held prisoner in Germany. In the spring of 1915, the German authorities agreed the assignment of prisoners of war to the war kommandos to alleviate labour shortages. In Alsace, several thousand Russian prisoners were made to work on drainage, wood cutting, road building, as well as agriculture.

Working conditions were hard and the mortality rate among these men is estimated at 7.3%. During the war, almost 100,000 prisoners of war perished in Germany.

In addition, through agreements between France and Russia, some Russians joined the Western Front to supplement the ranks of the French army, who suffered significant losses in 1915. In 1916, four Russian elite brigades were formed, containing 45,000 men in total. Two were sent to Macedonia on the Salonica front, while the 1st and 3rd Brigade were deployed in Champagne, where they fought their first battles in 1917. With the political tensions and the Russian revolution, these unites were taken off the front lines. Some mutinied and were imprisoned in Algeria. Others formed the Russian Legion to continue fighting alongside France. At the end of the war, this battalion, which only had 1,600 men, was appointed the Russian Legion of Honour.

In 1916, in the village of Weiler, located east of Wissembourg, the Germans established a prison camp where daily life was of the most basic standard.  Some barracks and a hospital were also built to house the Russian prisoners captured in particular on the Western Front. The Weiler national war cemetery is now the last remaining evidence of the existence of this camp, about which few records exist.

 

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Wissembourg
Au nord de Haguenau, D 3

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Monument aux morts 1914-1918

The Lagarde National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Lagarde. © ECPAD

 

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The national cemetery holds the bodies of 552 French soldiers, 324 of whom lie in two ossuaries. Built in 1914, this cemetery holds soldiers killed in the Battle of Lagarde (11 August 1914). Here, a monument commemorates the heavy casualties of the men of the 40th and 58th infantry regiments. Not far away, in the direction of Bourdonnay, a German cemetery was built, mainly holding Bavarian soldiers. In the church, two stained-glass windows depict this feat of arms, while a plaque commemorates the role of the Polish 1st Grenadiers Division on 17 and 18 June 1940.

 

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Lagarde
Au nord-est de Lunéville, D 2

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Courbesseaux National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Courbesseaux. © ECPAD

 

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Courbesseaux national cemetery contains the remains of soldiers who died for France during the Battle of Grand Couronné during August and September 1914. Created in 1920, this national cemetery - together with the cemetery located in Champenoux - preserves the memory of the extremely violent battles that took place around Nancy. Until 1935, the remains of other French soldiers initially buried in other military cemeteries in the region were transferred here. Today 2,679 bodies lie in this national necropolis, of which 1,703 are buried in two ossuaries, with 976 soldiers being buried in individual graves.

At the centre of the cemetery, an imposing stone and bronze monument by the sculptor Eugène Gatelet pays homage to General de Castelnau’s soldiers, who died defending Nancy during the Battle of Grand Couronné. It depicts a young peasant boy laying a wreath on the tomb of a soldier who died for France.

 

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Courbesseaux
A l’est de Nancy, D 70

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Calvaire. Monument aux morts 1914-1918 - Stèle commémorative au général de Castelnau.

Champenoux National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Champenoux. © ECPAD

 

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 Champenoux national cemetery contains the remains of soldiers who died for France during the Battle of Grand Couronné in September 1914. Created in 1919, this military cemetery preserves the memory of those extremely violent battles, as does the cemetery in Courbesseaux. Today 2,862 bodies - including that of a French soldier who died for his country during the Second World War - lie in this cemetery, which was built between 1919 and 1935. One thousand six hundred soldiers lie in individual graves, and 1,261 others have been buried in two ossuaries.

At the centre of the cemetery, a monument dedicated to the “heroes of the Grand Couronné” has been erected. Created in 1921 by local artists, the architect Alfred Thomas and the sculptor Eugène Gatelet, this work in bronze, stone and golden mosaic depicts a mother mourning her departed son. The Croix de Guerre (War Cross), bearing an Adrian helmet and an olive branch - the symbol of peace and victory - reminds us of the sacrifice of this son, who died for France.

 

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Champenoux
Au nord-est de Nancy, N 74

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Monument aux héros du Grand-Couronné

Cutting National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Cutting. © ECPAD

 

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The Cutting National Cemetery, known as “L’Espérance” (“Hope”) is home to soldiers who died from France during fighting in Dieuze in August 1914. It was built in 1914, throughout the fighting, and holds the bodies of 813 French soldiers, the majority of whom (540 in total) lie in two collective graves.

In an individual grave amongst these soldiers, you’ll find General Diou, major of the 63rd infantry brigade. He was mortally wounded in the Muhwald woods, and died in Dieuze. His grave faces a monument that was erected after the war to honour the sacrifices of the 15th and 16th army corps in August 1914. Colonel Arbanère from the 53rd infantry regiment, who died on 20 August, is also buried here.

“L’Espérance” is typical of military cemeteries from the start of WWI, and of the way the dead were handled by French military authorities. In fact, at this time, officers were generally buried in individual graves, whereas troops were buried in collective graves. From 1915, the use of individual graves became common for all soldiers. The law of 29 December 1915 gave soldiers who died for France the right to be buried in individual graves.

 

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Cutting
Au sud-est de Morhange, D 38

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Monument aux morts des 15ème et 16ème corps d’armée tombés en août 1914

Vergaville National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Vergaville. © ECPAD

 

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The Vergaville National Cemetery, located near Morhange, is home to soldiers who died for France during the Battle of Lorraine in August 1914. The cemetery was built in 1914 by the German army during the battle of Dieuze, and was updated in 1924 and 1926 (when soldiers were exhumed around Vergaville and Guerbestroff) and then in 1967.

This cemetery is home to 1151 French soldiers, 962 of whom lie in two ossuaries. A monument was erected in memory of soldiers from the 15th army corps who died in August 1914.

 

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Vergaville
Au sud-est de Morhange, par D 22

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Monument aux morts du 15ème corps d’armée tombés en août 1914

The Dieuze National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Dieuze. © ECPAD

 

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Built in 1914 by the German army at the end of the Battle of Dieuze, the Dieuze national cemetery holds the bodies of soldiers killed during the two world wars. Further developed in 1924-1926 and then again in 1964, this cemetery holds the remains exhumed from the cemeteries of Meurthe-et-Moselle and Vosges.

From the Great War, there are 821 Romanians, 263 Frenchmen, 239 of whom lie in two ossuaries, 122 Germans in two ossuaries, eight Poles and seven Russians.

From the Second World War, 222 Poles and five Frenchmen are buried there.

A monument honouring the memory of the Romanian soldiers killed on French soil in 1914-1918 has been erected there. This memorial was unveiled in 1998 by the Romanian Ministry of Defence. Standing on a plinth made of Vosges sandstone, this structure, given as a gift by Romania, is a reproduction of a monument in Bucharest. The monument contains earth from the ten French cemeteries in Romania.

 

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Dieuze
Au sud-est de Morhange, D 999

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Monument aux morts 1914-1918 - Monument aux morts polonais 1939-1945

Lidrezing National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Lidrezing. © ECPAD

 

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Located to the south of Conthil, towards Dieuze, the Lidrezing National Cemetery holds the bodies of soldiers who died for France during the Battle of Morhange in August 1914. It was built after the battle by the German army, and was updated in 1924 and 1988. Today, it is home to 548 French soldiers, the majority of whom (432 in total) lie in two ossuaries.

The Lidrezing cemetery is typical of military cemeteries from the start of WWI, and of the way the dead were handled by French military authorities. In fact, at this time, officers were generally buried in individual graves, whereas troops were buried in collective graves. From 1915, the use of individual graves became common for all soldiers. The law of 29 December 1915 gave soldiers who died for France the right to be buried in individual graves.

 

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Lidrezing
Au sud de Morhange

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