Newsletter

Joux Château

The château. ©Joux Château

With its five fortified walls, Joux Château demonstrates the development of fortifications over ten centuries.

 

The ten centuries of history of this fortress, the first constructions of which date from 1034, present developments made in defences on a 2-hectare site: the solid towers of the Middle Ages, the bastions from Vauban's era and the modern fort built in front of the château by Joffre in 1879.


 

Three ditches with drawbridges protect a world of prisons, from the dungeon which housed the legendary Berthe de Joux to the cells where Mirabeu, Kleist and Toussaint Louverture were confined.


 

A particularly memorable feature of the site is a large well, a vertiginous cylinder dug out of the rock.


 

A rich museum of weapons from the 18th and 19th centuries, which holds several particularly rare pieces, is a perfect complement to the visit.


 

In addition to the various exhibitions, visitors will see a scale model of the château measuring 3.64m by 1.76m complete with audio commentary.


 

Visits, talks, evening events and the Nuits de Joux festival in July-August are organised.

 

Joux Château

25300 La Cluse-et-Mijoux

Tel: +33 (0)3 81 69 47 95

e-mail: ccl-chateaudejoux@orange.fr

Official Joux Château website

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

25300
La Cluse-et-Mijoux
03 81 69 47 95

Prices

Adultes 6,5 € Enfants (de 6 à 14 ans) : 3,5 € Réduit : 5,5 € Famille (2 adultes et 2 enfants) : 17 € Enfant supplémentaire : 2 €

Weekly opening hours

Du 1er avril au 15 novembre : 10h à 11h30 et de 14h à 16h30 Juillet et août : de 9h à 18h Du 16 novembre au 30 mars : le château est susceptible d'être ouvert selon les conditions météo. Groupe toute l'année sur réservation

Fermetures annuelles

Musée d'armes anciennes fermé en hiver

Musée du Souvenir des écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan

©Musée du Souvenir des écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan

Art, histoire et Mémoire au cœur de la forêt de Brocéliande

Inauguré en 1912, le musée du Souvenir est le plus ancien des musées de l’armée de Terre. Dépositaire d’un patrimoine exceptionnel, il comblera l’amateur d’art et d’histoire et le passionné de militaria autant que le visiteur de passage désireux de ressentir l’esprit qui anime les officiers français et de mieux comprendre les valeurs qui fédèrent le monde militaire.

L’esprit de Saint-Cyr

Situé au cœur des écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan, creuset unique de formation des officiers de l’armée de terre, le musée du Souvenir retrace les évènements majeurs qui ont construit la France à travers les destins croisés des officiers qui l’ont servie. Hommes de conviction et de décision, beaucoup d’entre eux ont incarné des valeurs telles que le courage, la bravoure, le panache, l’exemplarité, la loyauté, le sens du service, du devoir et de l’honneur, l’amour de notre Patrie... Certains ont par leur seule présence pesé sur l’issue de batailles décisives, d’autres ont fait des choix condamnés par l’Histoire, d’autres encore ont rétabli l’honneur de la France et nombreux sont ceux qui ont fait le sacrifice de leur vie dans l’accomplissement de leur mission.

 

Un lieu de mémoire unique

S’ouvrant sur la Cour Rivoli, place d’honneur où se déroulent les cérémonies de Tradition qui rythment la scolarité des élèves officiers, le musée du Souvenir est un lieu d’enracinement et d’identité où ils se retrouvent et se ressourcent. Mais il est également un lieu de mémoire et d’histoire ouvert au grand public, un endroit privilégié d’éducation à la citoyenneté ainsi qu’un espace de partage et d’échange entre les Français et leur armée où se tisse l’indispensable lien armées-Nation.
Le visiteur est invité à parcourir un vaste mémorial, qui rappelle le sacrifice des officiers de toutes origines tombés au champ d’honneur, avant de découvrir les riches collections du musée. Présentées de façon chronologique, elles illustrent la lente maturation qui a conduit à la création d’écoles dédiées à la formation des officiers et met en exergue les grands personnages et les figures de légende qu’elles ont formés.

 

Un patrimoine inestimable ouvert à tous

En un siècle d’existence, les collections du Musée du Souvenir se sont enrichies de plusieurs milliers d’objets : Tableaux, bronzes, armes, uniformes, emblèmes, trophées et souvenirs émouvants évoquant un destin exceptionnel, héroïque ou tragique se répondent et plongent le visiteur dans une atmosphère unique. Par leur intérêt esthétique, leur pouvoir d’évocation historique ou par la simple « charge émotionnelle » dont ils sont porteurs, ces objets nous touchent, nous interpellent et nous instruisent.
 

 

 

Sources : ©Musée du Souvenir des écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan
> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Ecoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan – Cour Rivoli 56381
GUER
02 97 70 77 49

Prices

- Plein tarif : 5 € - Forfait famille (2 adultes +enfants) : 8 € - Jeunes : Gratuit pour les – de 18 ans - Groupes : 5 €/personne avec médiation- Gratuité : Gratuit pour le personnel civil et militaire de la défense et les – de 18 ans- Pass/tarifs groupés éventuels

Weekly opening hours

Du mardi au dimanche, de 10 h à 12 h et de 14 h 00 à 18 h00.

Fermetures annuelles

Fermé en janvierOffice de tourisme - Ville : Guer 56 380 - Adresse : 2 Place de la Gare - Tel : 02 97 22 04 78

The Bastion 32 Remembrance Memorial

Situated at the Belgian border and facing England, the port town of Dunkirk has been a historic strategic position through the centuries. The first fortifications were erected around the city in the 10th century. Over the centuries, the town changed hands several times before Louis XIV bought it back from the English in 1662 and asked Colbert to turn it into a fortified town. Between 1818 and 1848, a series of structures was built to establish a bastioned wall surrounding the town. The system was improved between 1869 and 1879. It was during this series of renovations that the bunkers and curtain walls of Bastion 32 were constructed, in 1874. The law of 8 March 1921 decommissioned Dunkirk’s fortifications and the majority of the ramparts were destroyed in 1930. However, the fortifications looking out to sea were preserved.

 

From 13 May 1940, while the armoured German divisions pushed through the front line in Sedan, the entire British Expeditionary Force and the finest troops of the French army were threatened with being surrounded. To avoid this trap, the French and British units retreated to Dunkirk. In no time, the town was overwhelmed with hundreds of thousands of soldiers trying to return to England. Surrounded by German forces, 15,000 French soldiers waged a strong defence to enable their French and British comrades to board a ragtag fleet of over 1,400 ships while the Luftwaffe unleashed hell on the northern port town. The rescue operation, dubbed "Dynamo" would be one of the war’s must surprising defensive successes, since when the town fell, some 340,000 soldiers had been successfully evacuated to England. Only 40,000 men were captured by the Germans. During the battle, Bastion 32 was chosen as the headquarters by Admiral Abrial, commander of the naval forces of the North General Fagalde, tasked with leading the defence of Dunkirk. Later, during the German occupation, Bastion 32 was converted into a military hospital.
 
The museum project
 
This place steeping in history was kept in good condition for several decades before being destroyed in 1979 to make more room for the port’s shipyards. The only remnants of its illustrious past are the 32-5 curtain walls, renovated in the late 1990s to honour the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Dunkirk and the Dynamo Operation on 1 June 2000. The project consisted of transferring a large proportion of an exhibition on the Battle of Dunkirk and the Operation Dynamo, created in 1969 and inaugurated by Michel Debré, the then minister of defence. Since that time, the exhibition had lain dormant in the cellar of Dunkirk’s Fine Arts Museum.
Named the Mémorial du Souvenir, the "new" Bastion 32 displays an important collection of arms, uniforms, objects and photographs from the period, over 700 m² of exhibition space.
Visitors can also see a number of ordnance survey maps and models which help explain how the operations unfurled. The collections include some interesting relics, like a turret from a Hotchkiss tank, a 90mm Schneider gun, a motorbike, plane engines and more. In 2005, three more bunkers were renovated to extend the exhibition. In 2008, one of them was converted into a working 40-seat cinema to show a 15-minute historical archive film. The memorial also takes part in events related to goings-on in the memorial world. For instance, for the 90th anniversary of the armistice of 11 November 1918, Bastion 32 hosted the temporary exhibition entitled “Dunkirk 14-18, a town behind the front”. In June 2010, a commemorative plaque was inaugurated by Michel Delebarre, Deputy Mayor of Dunkirk, and the Ambassador of the Czech Republic. The plaque pays tribute to the Czechoslovakian soldiers who participated in the siege of the town during the Liberation. Each year the memorial is visited by nearly 15,000 people, the majority of which come from outside France.

Website: www.dynamo-dunkerque.com

Mémorial du Souvenir

 

Courtines du Bastion 32
Rue des Chantiers de France – 59140 Dunkirk - France
Tel: Tourist Office – +33 (0)3 28 66 79 21
> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Rue des Chantiers de France 59140
Dunkerque

Châteaudun

Place du 18 octobre - Châteaudun. Source : carte postale

This walk is dedicated to the events of the Franco-Prussian War that marked Châteaudun

Memory Trail in the town This walk is dedicated to the events of the Franco-Prussian War that marked Châteaudun.

Five illustrated markers relate the inhabitants' heroic defence against the Prussians on 18 October. The first three are in Place du 18 Octobre, the fourth on Rue Jean Moulin and the fifth next to the defence monument on the Mall.
On 3 October 1877 a decree entitled the town to add the Legion of Honour cross on its coat of arms in recognition of its bravery. In 1884 Place Royale was renamed Place du 18 Octobre in remembrance of that day. The events On 20 September groups of highly mobile Uhlans blockaded Paris before advancing in Beauce. From 26 September 1870 to 6 January 1871 the Prussian army relentlessly crossed the Eure-et-Loir department in every direction. Since early October Châteaudun had been under the command of General Ernest de Lipowski. On the 28th the besieged town's residents put up barricades in the streets. On 18 October just 1,200 snipers, sedentary national guardsmen and firemen defended Châteaudun. A military force of 12,000 Prussians under the command of General von Wittich, armed with 24 cannons and two howitzers, showed up in the east. Seven cannons fired at the railway station at around noon.
At around 6pm the Rue Galante (Rue de Civry) barricade, which was isolated and too far forward, gave way. The Prussian thrust could no longer be repelled. The snipers retreated to the town centre, despite the darkness. The Prussians tried to overrun the square. A terrible night battle ensued. The defenders pushed the enemy back in the Rues de Chartres (Rue Jean Moulin) and d'Orléans (Rue de la République) three times. They fought by torchlight and bodies literally covered the ground. The painter Philippoteaux immortalised the fighting (the original is in the Châteaudun mayor's office). Despite the last bursts of courage, the defenders had to give up the now-hopeless struggle.
Shells and incendiary rockets rained down on the town at the rate of 10 a minute all day, ripping open roofs and destroying houses. On the night of 18-19 October the Prussians set the town on fire, pillaging, raping and driving out the inhabitants. At the Hôtel du Grand Monarque, where 70 Prussians had just been served an excellent dinner, the owner threw herself at General von Wittich's feet, begging him to spare her business. But the Duke of Saxony set the curtains on fire and the building quickly burned to the ground. Atrocities lasted all night and the next day. A monument to the victims and defenders was erected in Champdé Cemetery in 1873. A national fund-raising drive was launched to build a better monument to Châteaudun's valiant resistance. It was inaugurated on the Mall on 18 October 1897.
Antonin Mercié sculpted the bronze statue of a woman with a wall crown on her head representing the town of Châteaudun. Seriously wounded, she collapses and leans on a sniper from Paris, who, with his rifle on his shoulder, is still holding out and using up his last cartridges.

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

place du 18 octobre 28200
Châteaudun

Weekly opening hours

Accès libre

Fort de Villiers

Postcard of the fort Source: Association de Sauvegarde du Fort de Villiers

Fort de Villiers is a witness of the fortifications of Paris and the history of the Third Republic.

"Bridgehead on the Marne" (Noisy-le-Grand - 93) 

 

1871.

The first ring of forts built with the purpose of protecting the capital from the enemy did not prevent the defeat of 1870.

 
In the space of a few weeks, Bismarck's troops had surged into Paris, the Empire's armies had surrendered, Napoleon III had been taken prisoner, and the armistice, signed in January 1871, led to Alsace-Lorraine being annexed to the German Empire. 
 
On 21st March 1874, the project of the army commission was adopted at the National Assembly, by 386 votes to 191.
 
The bill of 27th March 1874 concerning the building of new forts around Paris authorised the Prime Minister, Adolphe Thiers, to erect a fortified "ring" around Paris as part of a comprehensive fortification project, implementation of which was entrusted to General Séré de Rivières, at the time Director of Engineering:
 
"For this we will need to occupy, probably between Noisy-le-Grand and Villiers, a position creating a bridgehead and at the same time covering the waterways of the bridges at Brie, Nogent, Joinville and Champigny.
 
The fort constructed at this point will be the most effective way of protecting the perimeters of the Fort de Nogent, and will be connected to the Chelles-Vaujours line." 60,000,000 old francs (one Germinal Franc = 1.42 euros in 2007) were allocated to the works and purchase of land.
Between 1874 and 1881, 18 forts, 34 defensive batteries and 5 redoubts were built around Paris The eastern part of this defence system was made up of the Fort de Villiers, which today falls within the town of Noisy-le-Grand (1878-1880), the Fort de Champigny (1878-1880) and the Fort de Sucy (1879-1881).
 
An implementation order of 31st December 1877 set out the provisions for the construction of Fort de Villiers in the town of Noisy-le-Grand (at the time in the Seine et Oise département), originally named the "Bridgehead on the Marne".
 
Constructed on the heights above the banks of the Marne at an altitude of 111 metres, the fort was intended to prevent the enemy from establishing itself there. The works commenced in 1878 and were finished in 1880.
 
The plan marking the boundary, the access zone and the remarkable polygon was approved by the Minister for War on 18th October 1882 and officially recognised and approved by decree on 10th September 1883. 
 
 
The budget for the construction of Fort de Villiers had been estimated at 11,000,000 francs for the work and 1,000,000 francs for the purchase of land. 
 
 
The Fort de Villiers today
 
Property of the Ministry of Defence and afterwards of the public EPAMARNE institution, in July 2001 the latter donated it to the town of Noisy-le-Grand.
 
The area created within the current perimeter of the Fort de Villiers covers approximately four hectares - originally seven hectares - on the edge of the A4 motorway in the town of Noisy-le-Grand, in the Montfort district, on the edge of the town of Villiers-sur-Marne, to the south of the Seine Saint-Denis département.  
 
Some sporting associations were housed there until December 2007. 
 
Since then, access to it has been prohibited by a municipal danger notice, principally because of the state of the access walkway and trees that died or became unstable following the storm of 2000.
 
The Fort de Villiers is one of the witnesses of the fortifications of Paris and the history of the Third Republic, from Louis Adolphe Thiers, President of the Republic and head of the executive from 1871 to 1873, to Patrice de Mac-Mahon, President of the Republic from 1873-1879.
 
It also bears witness to the developments in military architecture and the transition from bastioned architecture to underground architecture.
 
The aims of the Association de Sauvegarde du Fort De Villiers (Association for the Protection of the Fort De Villiers or ASFV), created in March 2008, are to promote initiatives designed to improve awareness of the fort, in support of the historical and photographic archive documents and the project for its conservation and improvement. 

 


Fort de Villiers

Avenue Paul Belmondo

93160 Noisy-le-Grand

E-mail : contact@asfv.eu

 

Visits Warning! Fort de Villiers is not open to visitors. The site is dangerous and is not protected by security (entry is prohibited). 

 

Contact the Mairie in Noisy-le-Grand to request access.

 

Bibliographical sources Annals of the National Assembly.  Government bills, proposals and reports. 1874 List of the law bills of the French Republic. 1874

 

Fort de Villiers

 

Quizz : Forts et citadelles

 

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Avenue Paul Belmondo 93160
Noisy-le-Grand

Weekly opening hours

Le fort n'est pas ouvert au public.

Email : contact@asfv.eu

Fort Rapp-Moltke

Fort Rapp-Moltke. Source : http://julienviel.hautetfort.com/culture/

Inaugurated on 26 September 1874, Fort Rapp-Moltke was part of the fortified ring around Strasbourg.

The speed at which Strasbourg fell, on 28 September 1870, after 46 days of siege, prompted the German High Command, under the authority of General Von Moltke and Von Kameke, to formulate a defence plan for the Empire’s western borders that planned to turn the towns of Cologne, Metez, Thionville and Strasburg into fortified camps, protecting their perimeters by a ring of armed forts.

The defensive ring around Strasbourg

Strasbourg was thus protected by a ring of detached, half-buried, heavily fortified and armed structures, even before the construction of the new urban line of fortifications that would be started in 1876 after the commissioning of the first forts. The works began in 1872, under the direction of the engineering officers Hauptmann Stephan (Fort Rapp) and Volkmann (on the Rhine side in the northeast to pass over to Kehl on the right bank via the southeast).

 

Fort Reichstett (Moltke) was inaugurated on 26 September 1874. Eleven structures were built in Alsace covering a perimeter of nearly 35 kilometres and three structures around Kehl (in Germany) covering a perimeter of 18 kilometres. The line included forts with dry and wet ditches. The masonry, in dressed standstone from Vosges and bricks manufactured in Rust (Germany) and Achenheim (Alsace), puts these monuments in the Neo-Prussian style. Two to three thousand workers were employed, including Italian bricklayers.

 


Fort Rapp-Moltke

The outpost covered 4.5 hectares and was made up of some 220 rooms and facilities. The fort comprised: an entrance with a place of arms, guard house, large powder store and guard quarters during peace time; a dry ditch surrounding the fort fitted with a covered way supplemented by a barbed-wire fence; barracks on two levels housed the troops quarters and services (HQ, kitchen, bakery, infirmary, sleeping quarters, washing facilities, etc.) and were equipped with a defence system of the ditch by flanking; an entrance into the fort composed of a gate, draw bridge and reinforced door; a central corridor leading to the casemates; casemates composed of alarm rooms, powder stores, munitions assembly rooms, goods hoist for moving munitions into artillery positions at the top of the fort; front and side parapets surmounting the fort, reserved for artillery pieces.

 


The outposts were protected by: sheltered corridors, a reinforced observation turret made it easier to keep watch of the front; a double caponier above the front ditch, converted in 1885 to a front battery was built in the counyterscarp with a system of countermines and sewers completing the frontal defence system; adjoining batteries to the left and right. Each fort was defended by 18 cannons (90 to 150 and even 220 mm) in firing position; 18 reserve pieces of artillery in the interior courtyards (cannons and mortars). The short-range defence was assured by 90-120 mm cannons which were later replaced by Hotchkiss 37-mm revolver cannons and 53-mm rapidfire machine guns. The fort could hold 800 men (infantrymen, pioneers, artillerymen and guards) under the command of 15 officers.

 


An evolving system

In 1885, the discovery of picric acid and the manufacture of torpedo shells triggered a huge crisis in military constructions. High Command decided to take the artillery outside the fort to form the adjoining batteries, reinforce the top sections of the forts with “special concrete” and granite blocks, convert windows in the barracks into fire stands, turn the double caponier into a front-facing battery offering greater protection and equipped with revolver cannons, fit out the walls with counterscarps of metal gates and build the entrance via the ditch, install blast-proof doors at certain access points, and reinforce the fort’s defences with two marine artillery pieces, 150 mm on rails.

From 1890, intermediate structures were built between the forts to block up any gaps; these included infantry, artillery and munitions buildings to complete the defence system. In this year, the fort in Strasbourg lost its strategic importance due to the stronghold erected in Mutzig (1893-1914) that had the capacity for up to 6,500 men with artillery in turrets and armoured shields.

Between 1914 and 1918, the fort was used as a munitions and equipment store then a camp for Russian and Italian prisoners. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France following the Treaty of Versailles and the site was integrated into the Maginot Line as a rear base for the 226th Infantry Regiment of Strasbourg and a rest centre for the fortress troops based in the fortifications along the Maginot Line along the Rhine. Marine artillery pieces were placed on top of the fort around 1937.

 

The Ney-Rapp intermediate structure occupied by the 155th Fortress Artillery Regiment, was damaged by an explosion in June 1940. From 1940 to 1944, the German army used the stronghold as a warehouse. It was occupied by the FFI and the first French and American troops during the Liberation. Between 1946 and 1968, the fort was used as a munitions store.

After being decommissioned, the site was allocated to the civil protection department of the French Ministry of the Interior. In 1993, the Friends of Fort Rapp Association was tasked with rescuing, preserving and restoring this military structure. After three years of work, the fort was opened to the public.

 


Fort Rapp-Moltke

Rue de Lorraine 67116 Reichstett

Contact: mjg.schuler@evc.net

 

 

Tourisme 67

 

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Rue de Lorraine 67116
Reichstett

Weekly opening hours

Visites guidées d'avril à septembre. Tous les jeudis à 15h ainsi que les 2e et 4e dimanches du mois à 14h,15h et 16h30

Neuf-Brisach

Vue aérienne de Neuf-Brisach. Source : ©Denis DONTENVILLE. http://www.fotocommunity.de

Created in 1697 after the loss of Vieux-Brisach across the Rhine, Neuf-Brisach is the only, yet magnificent, example of Vauban's third system.

In 1697, in accordance with the Ryswick treaties, France had to give back all those towns situated on the right bank of the Rhine, including Brisach. She was thus to lose her foothold in Germany and leave the centre of the Alsace undefended. In 1698 Vauban was despatched to the town and started to build three projects, of which the third one, the most complete, was retained by Louis XIV on 6 September 1698. The highly experienced Vauban, closely following the layout already achieved in Landau, designed a town with a double defensive main front part to increase its resistance to attack and make it less vulnerable to ricochet fire, which he himself had invented.

The town, a perfect octagon, comprises an internal fortified "secure" part, whose fortified defensive walls are flanked by fortified towers and an outer "fighting" area. This is made up of two defensive levels. The first consists of counter-guards serving as an artillery platform, which conceal the fortified towers and tenailles to protect the defensive walls. The second level is made up of half-moons in front of the tenailles, of which only those above the doors have a reduit, and of a covered walkway that encircles the whole town. Within the walls, Neuf-Brisach is arranged into 48 areas around the Place d'Armes. This ias how Neuf-Brisach came to be built from scratch on the left bank of the Rhine a short distance from the old town of Brisach. Construction work, which began in 1700, was carried out quickly so that by March 1702, the town could be used as a defence.
However, the return of Brisach to French rule in 1703 was to be the death knell for Neuf-Brisach. This is why, due to lack of funds, the crowning work that featured in Vauban's plans was abandoned and the first stone of the church of Saint-Louis was not laid until 1731, while the construction of the governor's hall would not be started until 1772. Only a small amount of modernisation work was carried out in the middle of the 19th century to compensate for some defects, in particular the lack of casemates. It was also a question of adapting its defences after the construction of the canal between the Rhone and the Rhine that runs along the slope to the east, by adding a lunette covering a floodgate. After a few alarms in 1814 and 1815, it wasn't until 1870 that Neuf-Brisach was to witness its first siege: besieged from 6th October 1870, it was subjected to violent artillery fire between the 2nd and 10th November before capitulating on the 11th November.
However Neuf-Brisach's military purpose was never to be fulfilled. The Germans would significantly alter the ramparts, as well as the urban layout of the ancient fortified town, turning it into a key constituent of the Neuf-Brisach bridgehead, intended to protect an important crossing point on the Rhine using several very modern fortifications. In June 1940, the breaching of the Rhine by the Germans in the Neuf-Brisach area was to be marked by intense fighting, before the town temporarily became the largest prisoner of war camp in France. Neuf-Brisach was to be severely bombarded once more, this time by American troops at the end of the Second World War.
Tourist Office Point I Neuf-Brisach 6, place d'Armes 68600 Neuf-Brisach Tel. 03 89 72 56 66 Fax: 03 89 72 91 73 E-mail: info@tourisme-rhin.com

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

68600
Neuf-Brisach
Tél. 03 89 72 56 66Fax : 03 89 72 91 73

Weekly opening hours

Accessible toute l'année

Musée de l'Artillerie

Créé sur le site de Draguignan en 1982, titulaire du label « Musée de France » depuis 2006 et totalement rénové en 2013, le Musée de l’artillerie a pour double mission de témoigner de la richesse du patrimoine historique, technique et humain de l’arme, tout en participant à la formation de la génération montante.

Un outil de formation à la citoyenneté

Actif au sein des Ecoles militaires de Draguignan, comme outil de formation des militaires et civils de la Défense, il est aussi tourné vers l’extérieur en accueillant un large public de touristes et de scolaires. Fort de plus de 21.000 visiteurs en 2014, dont 7.000 enfants et adolescents, le Musée de l’artillerie est donc une vraie ressource pédagogique pour les groupes scolaires comme pour les familles. Le Musée est aussi porteur d’expositions temporaires des plus variées.

Après « Soldats de plomb » en 2011, « Animaux dans la guerre » en 2012, « La Marne » en 2014 et « Coups de pinceaux » en 2015, l’exposition temporaire de l’année 2016 s’attache à témoigner des batailles de Verdun et de la Somme, paroxysmes militaires et humains de la violence de masse au cours de la Grande Guerre, devenus des symboles de paix et de réconciliation.

Un conservatoire du patrimoine de l’artillerie

S’appuyant sur une collection de près de 15.000 objets dont 2.000 d’intérêt majeur, le Musée de l’artillerie présente une collection unique dont les pièces les plus anciennes remontent au XIVe siècle. Tout particulièrement riches pour la période comprise entre 1870 et notre époque, les collections du musée font l’objet d’un chantier permanent de rénovation et de mise en valeur, notamment grâce au bénévolat de passionnés. La richesse de cette collection permet d’affirmer que le musée présente Sept cents ans d’histoire de France, vus à travers l’âme d’un canon (titre éponyme du livre de visite).

VERDUN-LA SOMME

Au milieu de la guerre, au bout de leurs forces

Du 21 mai au 20 novembre 2016, dans le cadre du centenaire de la Grande Guerre, le Musée de l’artillerie de Draguignan organise une exposition consacrée aux deux batailles titanesques de Verdun et de La Somme. Du dimanche au mercredi inclus (et les jeudis sur rendez-vous), de 9h00 à midi et de 13h30 à 17h30, l’exposition intitulée VERDUN – LA SOMME, Au milieu de la guerre, au bout de leurs forces, réalisée en partenariat avec des collectionneurs privés, traite de ces deux batailles, véritables virages de la guerre où l’intensité des combats a dépassé tout ce que l’Homme avait connu auparavant. Par son discours pédagogique et la richesse de sa présentation, cette exposition est conçue pour tous les âges, des plus jeunes aux plus expérimentés. Exposition adaptée pour la visite par des classes du CM1 au Lycée, dans le cadre des cours d’histoire et d’éducation à la citoyenneté.

 

 

Sources : ©Musée de l'Artillerie
> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Quartier Bonaparte - Avenue de la Grande armée 83300
Draguignan
04 83 08 13 86

Prices

entrée gratuite

Weekly opening hours

De 9 h à 12 h et de 13 h 30 à 17 h 30, du dimanche au mercredi inclus(le jeudi et le vendredi, possibilité de visites de groupes sur rendez-vous)

Fermetures annuelles

Du 15 décembre au 15 janvier.Office du tourisme intercommunal de la Dracénie - Adresse : 2, avenue Carnot, 83300 DRAGUIGNAN - Tel : 04.98.10.51.05 - Site : www.tourisme-dracénie.com

Belfort

La citadelle de Belfort. Source : http://www.dushow.com

Belfort was not only the stronghold sealing the Belfort Gap, between the Jura and the Vosges it was also a garrison town and crossroads leading to Paris, Colmar, Basel and Montbéliard

 - Compléments d’infos sur la Citadelle - Infos pratiques (accès, horaires) de la Citadelle  -

- Tarifs - Contact infos pratiques -

 

Belfort is located at the centre of a broad depression between the Vosges and Jura, known as the Belfort gap. This gap links Alsace, Germany and Switzerland with the Franche-Comté region and Rhone Valley. This means that it has not only been a major route for trade, but also for invasions, which explains the fortifications here.

Walled town and Castle In the Middle Ages, a stone wall with several towers protected a small town huddled at the foot of this rock, upon which sits a feudal castle whose existence can be traced back to 1226. Rendered obsolete by the invention of the metal bullet in the 15th century, these fortifications, which had been laid siege to seven times, were in a poor state when they underwent their first modernisation. Between 1637 and 1648, the Comte de la Suze added a fortified facade to the castle. Then, at the request of King Louis XIV, the famous engineer Vauban took his turn in modernising the fortress, adding hornworks and a barracks. However, the transformation was most spectacular in the town itself: between 1687 and 1703, the old city walls were flattened and replaced by a fortified pentagonal wall that doubled the area of the town, where magazines and barracks were built. Large sections of this new wall, which was part of Vauban's "second system", remain today, including three fortified towers and the Brisach gate with its complete fortified facade. Testament to the value of these fortifications came especially with the siege of 1815, which left the fortress untaken.
The first ring of forts In the late 18th and early 19th century, as the accuracy and mobility of artillery increased, towns could find themselves threatened by canons placed by the enemy on nearby hills. To prevent the occupation of this high ground, fortifications had to be built: this signalled the appearance of the first rings of forts around towns. With the exception of a few campaign fortifications carried out at the time of the Revolution and in 1815, the first modernisations of the stronghold since Vauban began in 1817, under the orders of General Haxo. The castle was completely revised and transformed into a modern fortress and the city walls altered, whilst to the northeast of the town, the Le Vallon entrenched camp was built, including the La Miotte and La Justice forts. Then, in 1857, a wall around the outskirts was foreseen, with the building of front 3 4 to the West of the town. The increase in the range of canons resulting from the appearance of rifled artillery the following year made new works to the South and East of the town essential. The Barres fort was built between 1865 and 1870. Lastly, in 1870, the first extension to the town's defences was completed, with the terraced redoubts of Les Perches and Bellevue (on the site of the current cemetery of the same name). Belfort underwent the memorable siege of 1870-1871, from which it emerged undefeated, with a ring of advanced forts located at a distance of around 1,200 - 1,500 metres from the original fortified city walls. After the war, as part of the "Séré de Rivières" programme, the Les Perches forts were rebuilt and a wall was built around the outskirts.
The castle The Belfort citadel has three concentric walls. Starting from outside the fortress, the first is the exterior wall, which contains Vauban's old hornworks, then there is the intermediate enclosure that contains a group of artillery casemates.
These two enclosures (built between 1820 and 1840) are the work of General Haxo. After the intermediate enclosure, the impressive structure of the Comte de la Suze's crownworks (1637-1648) comes into view. Overlooking this, a cavalaryman (a terreplein built on top of another work, doubling its firepower) houses the artillery casemates (1819-1826), behind which are the main courtyard and pink sandstone barracks dating from 1826. All that remains today of the mediaeval fortress is the well, the ditch (covered over and converted into a barracks in 1749) and the 13th-century Bourgeois tower. The castle was equipped with around a hundred open air or casemate-located canons and could provide safe shelter for over 1,000 men. It played a key role in the 1870-1871 siege and housed the stronghold command post until 1940.
Started in 1831, in roughly triangular shape, this is a bastioned fort with a cavalryman, designed to house around ten open-air canons.
On the western bastion is a tower that serves as a lookout. Hit by shell-fire in 1870-1871 and 1940, it was rebuilt each time, though more for sentimental than military reasons. Indeed, before the fort was built, this place was the site of a very old stone tower of uncertain origin and purpose, which became highly symbolic to the people of Belfort.
Strongly fortified in a roughly triangular shape, with two cavalrymen and a barracks for around 300 men, construction of La Justice fort began in 1826 to house around twenty open air artillery pieces.
On 18th June 1940, the fort's small garrison held out against the enemy for 9 hours, at the cost of heavy casualties. Vallon Facade Started in 1831 and finished in 1842, the Vallon Facade is a rampart, with a gate through it, connecting the La Miotte and La Justice forts and blocking the road to Alsace. With the natural rampart created by the hills of La Miotte and La Justice, this forms a protected quadrilateral: the entrenched encampment of Le Vallon, designed to act as an assembly area for a field army in times of war (and a refuge where necessary).
Les Barres was one of the last bastioned works to be built in France. Although some features are evidence of a reaction to advances in artillery, especially rifled artillery, Les Barres fort is largely traditional.
This large crownwork (one bastion and two half-bastions) was constructed between 1865 and 1870 to occupy the high ground of Les Barres in order to avoid enemy activity against the town's outskirts and Vauban's enclosure. The rampart is equipped for 25 open-air artillery pieces plus one in a casemate. The gorge is blocked by a single crenulated wall. Two impressive cross-members overhang the huge internal esplanade, each housing a powder magazine. A third powder magazine and a casemated barracks are contained under the ramparts. Over the frontage, a crenellated gallery runs the length of the scarp; this enabled the ditch to be fired upon. The powder magazine of the major central cross member was reinforced with a concrete shield in 1889. In 1893, large barracks were built on the internal esplanade to accommodate the stronghold's foot artillery regiment. After the demolition of these barracks when returned to civilian use, the fort regained its original appearance, apart from on one flank, where a road has been built through it.
Tourist Office 2 rue Clemenceau 90000 Belfort Tel.: +33 (0) 384 55 90 90 Fax: +33 (0) 384 55 90 70 E-mail: tourisme90@ot-belfort.fr Fortifications and Belfort Castle Free Parking Unaccompanied visits Guided tours No handicapped access Guided tours for groups by appointment

> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Allée du souvenir français 90000
Belfort
Tel.: 03 84 55 90 90Fax : 03 84 55 90 70

Weekly opening hours

Accessibilité toute l'année

Musée des Troupes de Marine

©Musée des Troupes de Marine

Musée d’histoire, de sciences et techniques, d’arts et traditions militaires, mais aussi d’aventures humaines. En 2006, le Musée des Troupes de Marine a obtenu le label « musée de France ».

Le Musée des Troupes de Marine est une évocation illustrée aussi bien par ses collections très diversifiées, que par des archives et des documents iconographiques, des troupes coloniales de Richelieu à nos jours. L'une des missions du musée est de conserver la trace et les preuves du rôle pacificateur et civilisateur de la France dans son empire colonial.

Les collections sont constituées d'uniformes, d'insignes, d'armes, de coiffures et de décorations, affiches, dessins, documents photographiques, pièces d'archives, souvenirs de personnages, illustres ou non, etc. . soit environ 10.000 objets.

L'une des caractéristiques majeures des objets de cette collection est leur taille. Ils sont de dimensions modestes, mis à part la voiture de Gallieni et quelques pièces d'artillerie.

L'autre caractéristique est leur nombre : il s'agit de collections de grandes séries tels que 4.000 décorations, 700 fanions, 3.000 insignes métalliques et des dizaines de milliers d'images.

On estime qu'environ 50 % des objets proviennent de collections publiques (dépôts d'autres musées et récupération du patrimoine des salles d'honneur de régiments dissous à l'occasion de restructurations du ministère de la défense), l'autre moitié provenant des dons des particuliers.

Depuis 1993, le musée dispose d'un auditorium de 250 places où l'AAMTDM organise un cycle annuel de conférences.

À partir de l'an 2000, le musée organise, chaque année, une journée d'étude ou un colloque scientifique. Il présente chaque trimestre une nouvelle exposition temporaire et participe aux célébrations du ministère de la culture : Printemps des musées, Festival de la langue française, Nuit européenne des musées et Journées européennes du patrimoine. En 1996, l'ampleur de la documentation conservée au musée a motivé la création du Centre d'Histoire et d'Etudes des Troupes d'Outre-Mer (CHETOM), le centre de recherches du musée. Les chercheurs peuvent y consulter, sur rendez-vous, les archives, les fonds privés, les fonds cartographiques ou iconographiques et la bibliothèque spécialisée du musée forte de dix mille ouvrages.

À travers l'histoire des colonies, ce sont les principales étapes de l'Histoire de France qui sont présentées au Musée des Troupes de Marine. Le musée s'intègre dans un paysage culturel historique. En plus d'être la «maison mère» des Troupes de Marine, Fréjus a un patrimoine militaire particulièrement riche (notamment avec la présence d'une pagode bouddhique et d'une mosquée africaine sur sa commune). Il nous renvoie aussi au débarquement de Provence d'Août 1944.

Le rayonnement du musée est important, son expertise est reconnue et ses collections particulièrement sollicitées. Près de 480.000 visiteurs dont plus de 2.000 enfants et adolescents ont été accueillis dans le musée, très souvent dans le cadre de découverte du patrimoine. Le musée est également tourné vers les militaires, les jeunes engagés et les jeunes cadres viennent y trouver leurs racines . ces hommes et ces femmes qui entrent parmi le corps des soldats des Troupes de Marine ont une histoire à découvrir.

Sources : ©Musée des Troupes de Marine
> Return to results

Practical information

Address

Avenue du Musée des Troupes de Marine 83600
Fréjus
04 94 17 86 03

Prices

Entrée gratuite Salles climatisées

Weekly opening hours

Ouvert du mardi au dimanche, de 10h à 18h Visites guidées sur RDV (du lundi au vendredi) ; Scolaires, périscolaires, étudiants, situation de handicap…

Site Web : Site officiel